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Medieval Islam became the principal heir to ancient
Greek science, and Islamic civilisation remained the
world leader in virtually every field of science
between 800-1300 AD. The sheer level of scientific
activity underlines this point, as the number of
Islamic scientists during the four centuries after the
Prophet matched the number of Greek scientists
during the four centuries following Thales. Islamic
scientists established the first truly international
scientific community, stretching from Iberia to
Central Asia. ---- A moment’s thought, however,
shows how unreasonable it is to evaluate the history
of Islamic science only or even largely as a link to
European science, or even to subsume Islamic
science into the ‘Western tradition’. Medieval Islam
and its science must be judged on their own terms,
and those terms are as much Eastern as Western.
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Early Islamic rulers encouraged the mastery of foreign cultural traditions, including notably Greek philosophy and science. |
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Yet, medieval Islamic science is sometimes dismissed as a conduit passively transmitting ancient Greek science to the European Middle Ages. |
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Islam was and is based on literacy and the holy book of the Quran, and contrary to the popular view, Islam showed itself tolerant toward others. |
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The result was another hybrid society, the cultural ‘Hellenisation’ of Islam and its typically bureaucratised institutions. |
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The institutional aspects of Islamic science are only beginning to be studied with scholarly rigour, and nothing like a full historical survey exists for the Islamic case. |