The attempts, first by British warships and then troops,
to force the Dardanelles in 1915 (18)---- one of the most
fascinating and controversial campaigns of World War I.
The Allies hoped to pass through the Dardanelles, drive
Turkey out of the war and provide assistance through
the warm water ports of the Black Sea (19)---- a
hard-pressed Russia. Winston Churchill insisted on war,
(20)---- his senior naval colleagues objected. It was the
first major amphibious operation in modern warfare,
using aircraft and photography (21)---- radio
communications and submarines. Its lessons, positive
as well as negative, (22)---- by the British planners for
Normandy and even in the Falklands conflict of 1982.